This book develops a methodology for creating new plants based on renewable resources that supply the needed goods and services of existing plants. It includes converting existing plants to ones based on renewable resources that may require nonrenewable resource supplements. Based on extensive reviews of biomass as feedstock and the production of chemicals from biomass, the authors identify new bioprocesses that use renewable feedstock as raw materials. The text shows how new plants are integrated into existing plants in a chemical production complex. It also covers economic and sustainability analysis and the optimization of chemical complexes. Simulation codes are available for download.